Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia: Description of a Case and Literature Review
Published: 2023-02-03
Page: 38-43
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 1]
S. A. Touré
*
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
M. Keita
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
M. Seck
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
A. B. Diallo
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
S. M. Gueye
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
M. Traoré
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
C. Koba
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
Dissongo I
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
E. Motassi
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
F. Dieng
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
B. F. Faye
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
A. Sall
Hematology Laboratory, Dalal Jaam Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.
S. Diop
Hematology Department, National Blood Transfusion Center of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Introduction: "Ambiguous lineage acute leukemias" including biphenotypic acute leukemia are subtypes of acute leukemia (AL) generally representing less than 5% of all acute leukemias. We report a case of biphenotypic acute leukemia (T and B) diagnosed in the clinical hematology department of Dakar.
Observation: This was a 17-year-old female patient, with no specific pathological history, referred for exploration of a bicytopenia associated with hyperleukocytosis that appeared 2 months before. The clinical examination showed an alteration of general state of health (PS WHO 3), an anemic syndrome, a sepsis with a pulmonary focus and a tumor syndrome (nodes and splenomegaly). The blood count showed a hyperleukocytosis of 94.15 G/L, an anemia of 3.7 g/dl normochromic normocytic aregenerative and a thrombocytopenia of 14 G/L. The blood smear showed 34% of blasts cells. The myelogram study showed an acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Immunophenotyping revealed partly T-type blasts (CyCD3+; sCD3-; CD7+; heterogeneous CD2 and CD5), B cells (CD19+ and CD79a+) and absence of aberrant myeloid markers. Replacement therapy with blood products (red blood cells and platelets concentrates) was provided to the patient. The short-term evolution was marked by a worsening of the clinical presentation and a mortality at day 3 of hospitalization.
Conclusion: Bi-phenotypic acute leukemia is a very rare cytological entity with a poor prognosis. Systematization of flow cytometry in our countries with limited resources would help to better diagnose AL.
Keywords: Acute leukemia, biphenotypic, flow cytometry