International Journal of Research and Reports in Hematology

The categorization of human blood into specific groups is a cornerstone in both clinical medicine and genetics, playing a vital role in procedures such as blood transfusion, organ transplantation, and maternal-fetal immune compatibility. Among the numerous blood group classifications identified, the ABO and Rhesus (Rh) systems stand out due to their significant relevance in medical settings. This study investigated the association between ABO blood groups and coagulation parameters—Prothrombin Time (PT) and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT)—among 384 apparently healthy individuals (52.1% female, 47.9% male), aged 18–40 years, at Madonna University, Nigeria. Blood group distribution showed a predominance of group O (59.1%), followed by A (29.9%), B (9.9%), and AB (1.0%). Using standard laboratory procedures, the overall mean PT was 11.28 ± 1.91 seconds, and APTT was 38.78 ± 12.58 seconds. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed no statistically significant differences in PT (p = 0.451) or APTT (p = 0.887) across ABO groups, although PT was numerically highest in group O (11.40 ± 2.05 sec) and lowest in group B (10.10 ± 0.75 sec), while APTT peaked in group A (39.75 ± 8.30 sec).Further subgroup analysis by sex showed a significant difference in PT within blood group A (females: 11.85 ± 1.60 sec, males: 9.80 ± 1.45 sec; p = 0.035), suggesting sex-linked variation in coagulation. However, sex-related differences in APTT for group A (p = 0.928), as well as both parameters in groups B and O, were not statistically significant (PT: p = 0.195–0.980; APTT: p = 0.095–0.275). In blood group AB, small sample size (n = 4) precluded formal statistical testing, though mean APTT was longest in males (45.70 ± 6.00 sec).Age-stratified analysis within blood groups A, B, and O demonstrated no significant variations in PT (p = 0.558–0.995) or APTT (p = 0.108–0.165), though some age groups, particularly 18–25 years in group O, showed elevated mean APTT (44.70 ± 15.65 sec). These results support the conclusion that ABO blood grouping and age have limited influence on PT and APTT values in apparently healthy young adults. However, the significant sex difference in PT within group A suggests that gender-specific factors may modulate clotting times in certain blood groups. Further research incorporating larger and more demographically diverse populations is recommended to clarify the clinical relevance of these findings.