Effects of Co-administration of Ethanol Extracts of Gongronema latifolium and Tapinanthus bangwensis Leaves in Male Albino Wistar Rats
Published: 2023-09-08
Page: 185-191
Issue: 2023 - Volume 6 [Issue 2]
Nkereuwem U. Nyah *
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Itoro N. Willie
Department of Chemistry, Akwa Ibom State University, Ikot, Akpaden, Nigeria.
James O. Effiong
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Okon O. Effiong
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Ekemini J. Obosi
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Ukeme A. Essien
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
Idongesit A. James
Department of Chemical Sciences, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The effects of co-administration of ethanol extracts of Gongronema Latifolium and Tapinanthus bangwensis leaves on blood glucose level, body and organs weights in normal male Albino Wistar rats were evaluated. Groups 1,2 and 3 of four animals each were treated respectively with 200 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg (50:50 dose ratio), while group 4 that served as control was not treated. Each animal in the four groups were allowed free access to commercial rats mash and water for 3weeks. Blood glucose and body weights were determined on day 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21, while organs weights were taken as the animals were sacrificed at the end of the three weeks experimentation. On day 0, 3, 6 and 9 no statistically significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the blood glucose levels in the treated groups when compared with the control group. Significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in the blood glucose in the treated groups 2 and 3 compared to the control on days 12, 15, 18 and 21. On day 0, 3 and 6, significant decrease (P<0.05) was recorded in body weight of animals in group 2 and 3 when compared to the control group. Groups 2 and 3 animals also recorded significant decrease (P<0.05) in body weight when compared to group 1. On day 9, significant decrease (P<0.05) was found in groups 2 and 3 when compared to the control and when compared to group 1. On days 12, 15 and 18, body weight in group 3 was significantly decreased (P<0.05) when compared to the control and to groups 1 and 2 when compared to the control and with group 1. Body weight on day 21 showed significant decrease (p< 0.05) in groups 2 and 3 when compared to the control and with group 1. Liver weight recorded significant decrease (P<0.05) in group 3 when compared to group 1. No significant difference (P<0.05) was found in the weight of the kidneys in all the treatment groups when compared to the control. The results of this work implies that combined extracts of T. bangwensis and G. latifolium leaves possess the potentials to reduce blood glucose level in the treatment groups of animals on prolonged treatment, with no marked effects of the extracts on the body and organs weights of the animals. Therefore, the two extracts could be used to manufacture medications that can take care of diabetic condition in human.
Keywords: Gongronema latifolium, Tapinanthus bangwensis, blood glucose, body weight, organs weight, co-administration
How to Cite
Downloads
References
Evans J. Mistletoe: Good for more than free kisses. Journal of American Botanical Council. 2005;69:50-59.
Akpabio UD, Akpakpan AE. Evaluation of nutritive and anti-nutritive compositions of the seeds of Monodora myristica (African Nutmeg). World Journal of Applied Science and Technology. 2012;4(1):49-55.
Adebayo A, Darwish S, Ayad E, Versohl E. Insulinontropic constituents and evaluation of ethno-medicinal claim of Gongronema latifolium leaf and stem. Diabetes Metabol. 2010;38:115-119.
Nwinyi OC, Chinedu NS, Budady NE. Evaluation of Anti-bacterial Activity of psidium guajava and Gongromema latilium. Journal of Medical plants Research. 2008;2:189-92.
Ogundipe OO, Moody JO, Akiyeme JO, Raman A. Hypoglyiemic potentials of methanolic Extracts of selected plant Food in Alloxaused mice. Journal Plant Food and Human Nutrition. 2003;58:1-7.
Eleyinmi AF. Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of G. latifolium leaf. Journal of Zhijiang University of Science. 2007;8:352-8.
Antai AB, Ofem OE, Ikpi DE, Ukafia S, Agiang EA. Photochemistry and some haematological changes following oral administration of ethanol leave extract of G. latifolium in rats. Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2009;24:78-83.
Etim OE, Akpan EJ, Usoh IF. Hepatotoxicity of carbon Tefrachlorirl protective effects of G. latifolium. Pakistan Journal of Pharmacentical Sciences. 2008;21:268-74.
Morebise O, Fafunso MA, Makinde JM, Olajida OA, Awe EO. Anti-inflammatory property of the leaves of G. latifolium phytotherapy Research. 2002;16: 575-577.
Osuala FO, Nnolic MC, Anyadoh SO. Anti-bacterial activities of two local medicinal plants. (Gongromema latilium and Ocimum gratissimum). International Journal of Natural and Applied Science. 2005;1(1): 36-39.
Edet EC, Akpan Abiatu MI, Udoh FE, Edet TE, Eno AE, Itam ET. G. latifolium crude leaf extract reverses alterations in Hematological indices of weight loss in Diabetes rats. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Toxicology. 2011;6:174-181.
Essien NE, Bobison PG, Ukpong EG, Essien U, Okon OE, Nyah NU. Evaluation of the effects of treatment of normal albino Wistar rats with ethanol leaves extracts of M. indica and G. latifolium on the Lipid profile. Int. J. Res. Eng. Sci. (IJRES). 2022;10(4):23-27.
Akah PA, Okarfor CL. Blood sugar lowering effects of T. bangwensis in an experimental model animals. Phyto-therapy Research. 1992;6:171-175.
Iheanacho KM, Udebuani AC, Ihegboro GO. Phyto chemistry and Effect of Aquwous leaf Extract of Mistletoe (Tapinanthus bangwensis) on serum Glucose and cholesterol concentration in normoglycemic rats. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 2008;23(2):35-39.
Olaleye MT. Photochemical, vitamins and Minerals contents of two Nigerian medicinal plants. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and Advance Sciences. 2005;1:375-381.
Essien NE, Bobon PG, Essien UA, Archibong IJ, Effiong JO. Evaluation of auto effects of cadmium toxicity on sermm Total protein, albamin and globulin in make albino wistar rats treated with ethanol leaf extracts of T. bangwensis and M. kidica. Asian Journal of Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology. 2023; 13(2):15-21.
Inyang E. Enthnobotong conversational and Tradition uses of plants. 2nd (ed.) Nigeria: The Verdict Press, Uyo. 2003;124
Trease G, Evans SM. Pharmalognosy edition edinbury. (4th edi.) New York: Harcuit publishers Ltd. 2002;626.
Pais J, Hallschimid M, Jauch-Chara K. Mood and cognitive functions during acute englyceamia and mild hyperglycaemica in type 2 diabetic patient. Experimental Clinical Endo-crinology Diabetes. 2007; 155(1):42-46.
Luna B, Feinglos MN. Drug induced hyperglycemica. Journal of American Medical Association, 286(16):1945-1948.
Ugochukwu NH, Babady NE. Antioxidant effects of G. latifolium in hepatocytes insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Journal of Clinical Sciences. 2002;73: 612-618.
Nelson DL, Cox MM. Lehninger principles of Biochemistry 4th (Ed.). new York: W. H. Freeman and company. 2005;155-250.
Kahn CR. Bauting lectures: Insulin action, diabetogenes and the cause of type II diabetes. Diabetes. 1994;43: 1066-1084.
Brai BI, Odofala AA, Agomo PU. Effects of Persea americano leaf extract on body weight and Liver lipids in rats fed with hyperlipidemic diet. African Journal of Bacteriology. 2007;6:1997-2001.
Akpabio UD, Wilson LA, Akpakpan AE, Obot IB. Phytochemical screeing and proximate composition of cassia hirsute seeds. Elixir Journal of Applied Chemistry. 2012;8704-8707.
Jun Y, Amamir Z, Zhanguo G, Dong L, William T. Effects of scilianhua extract and its fractions on body weight of obese mice. Journal of Metabolism. 2008;57(1):547-551
Satyanarayana H, Chakrapani U. Biochemistry (4th edn.) India: Reed Elsevier Private Ltd. 2014;679.